ABSTRACT
Retrograde urethrography (RGU) is a useful investigation to look for urethral injuries. It can result in various complications like anaphylaxis due to contrast material, urinary tract infection and intravasation or extravasation of contrast. In this case report, a rare complication of RGU was seen in the form of Fournier’s gangrene. This complication was probably due to extravasation of contrast material during the procedure which lead to reactionary changes of the penile skin and scrotum. Patient was managed aggressively and had a good recovery and is on regular follow up.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Glenoid cavity of scapula has variable morphology and therefore its anatomy is of enormous importance for orthopaedic surgeon and prosthetic designers. Presence of notch in the antero-superior part of glenoid rim affects the morphology of glenoid labrum. Anatomical variations of glenoid cavity are also important for understanding the various pathologies involving the shoulder joint. Present study aims to determine various anthropometric measurements of scapula and glenoid cavity including the variations of its shape. Materials and Methods: A total of 126 adult dry scapulae available in the Dept. of Anatomy, ACMS Delhi Cantt., India, and also procured from medical colleges in the vicinity were taken for the study. Results: The mean length and breadth of scapula observed were 141.94±12.76 mm 103.65±6.82mm respectively. The mean length of the glenoid observed in the present study was 38.78±3.03 mm. The mean AP glenoid diameter 1 and 2 were 24.93±2.55mm and18.66±2.13 mm respectively. The mean Glenoid cavity Index (GCI) found in the present study was 64.29 ± 9.79 mm. Conclusion: The dimensions of the glenoid observed in the present study were similar to those recorded in the studies done on other populations except for the shape. Higher percentage of glenoid cavities without a definitive notch was recorded in the present study compared to earlier studies. This fact may be taken into consideration while designing glenoid prostheses for the North Indian population.
ABSTRACT
Lens induced glaucomas are a common occurrence in rural areas of India. Early diagnosis and treatment of mature cataract is very important since delayed treatment of lens-induced glaucoma may result in poor visual outcome. An attempt was made to study the pattern and visual outcome in LIG cases attending the Department of Ophthalmology at Government Medical College, Jammu. A total of 25 patients with a diagnosis of LIG were analyzed. Out of these 15(60%) patients had phacomorphic and 10(40%) had phacolytic glaucoma respectively. All the patients were subjected to ECCE with PC IOL implantation. Postoperative BCVA upto 6/12 was achieved in 6(24%) and upto 6/60 in 16(64%) patients. Only three patients showed poor visual outcome. However, all the patients maintained postoperative IOP of < 20mm Hg without any additional antiglaucoma therapy.
ABSTRACT
Objective. To measure and compare the breath carbon monoxide (CO) levels in cigarette and bidi smokers in India. Methods. Breath CO was measured in 389 smokers (241 cigarette smokers,148 bidi smokers) using portable breath CO analyser (Bedfont-England, Smokelyzer). Tobacco contents and length of single stick of different brands of cigarette and bidi were also measured. Results. Their mean age was 38.7±13.4 years. The average duration of smoking was 18.2±13.0 years. Average breath CO levels were 15.6±7.0 ppm in smokers and 4.07±1.16 ppm in non-smokers. Average breath CO level was significantly higher in bidi smokers (18.9±7.7 ppm) compared to cigarette smokers (13.6±5.8 ppm) when total consumption of cigarette/bidi was more than five pack-years (p=0.002). Average tobacco weight of bidi (216.8mg) was significantly less than cigarette (696mg). Conclusions. Bidi is equally or more harmful than cigarette smoking. One bidi may be considered to one cigarette for calculating “pack-years” of smoking.